Energy-Efficient Task Mapping for Data-Driven Sensor Network Macroprogramming

International audienceData-driven macroprogramming of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provides an easy to use high-level task graph representation to the application developer. However, determining an energy-efficient initial placement of these tasks onto the nodes of the target network poses a set of interesting problems. We present a framework to model this task-mapping problem arising in WSN macroprogramming. Our model can capture placement constraints in tasks, as well as multiple possible routes in the target network. Using our framework, we provide mathematical formulations for the task-mapping problem for two different metrics -- energy balance and total energy spent. For both metrics, we address scenarios where a) a single or b) multiple paths are possible between nodes. Due to the complex nature of the problems, these formulations are not linear. We provide linearization heuristics for the same, resulting in mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulations. We also provide efficient heuristics for the above. Our experiments show that our heuristics give the same results as the MIP for real-world sensor network macroprograms, and show a speedup of up to several orders of magnitude. We also provide worst-case performance bounds of the heuristics

Supporting Heterogeneity in Data Driven Sensor Network Macroprogramming

This work was partly supported by the EC FP7 Connect ProjectInternational audienceSupport for heterogeneity has been incorporated within a Macroprogramming framework. Policies for handling runtime and data routing for communication between nodes in a heterogeneous network were designed and implemented. Then, Macroprogramming support was added to compile Macroprograms and generate code for the heterogeneous network

Response of different wheat varieties towards Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) seed inoculation

Present investigation was undertaken to utilize Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) to avail atmospheric nitrogen and soluble phosphate in soil for the wheat crop. The sonalika variety (V1) responded best towards seed inoculation by Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) for the character speed of germination which is regarded as very important indicator of seed vigour. Germination percentage for untreated control was 86.6% after one month of storage and found to be reduced to 76.67% after three month of storage but for treated Azospirillum in case of sonalika it was retained at 83.33%. V1T1, V2T1 and V3T1 recorded improved germination even after six month of storage. The seedling characters like shoot and root length was greatly improved with T1 and T2 for almost the varieties included in this programme. The character vigour index greatly enhanced in case of V1T1, V1T2, V3T1 and V3T2 after one month and six months of storage. This work reported utilization of Azospirillum and PSB as seed inoculation for wheat varieties to enhance seed storability and seedling growth parameter. It can be concluded that, Azospirillum and PSB seed inoculation can be recommended for wheat for better seedling growth storability of seed

Srijan: a graphical toolkit for sensor network macroprogramming

International audienceMacroprogramming is an application development technique for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where the developer specifies the behavior of the system, as opposed to that of the constituent nodes. In this proposed demonstration, we would like to present Srijan, a toolkit that enables application development for WSNs in a graphical manner using data-driven macroprogramming. It can be used in various stages of application development, viz. i) specification of application as a task graph, ii) customization of the autogenerated source files with domain-specific imperative code, iii) specification of the target system structure, iv) compilation of the macroprogram into individual customized runtimes for each constituent node of the target system, and finally v) deployment of the auto generated node-level code in an over-the-air manner to the nodes in the target system. The current implementation of Srijan targets both the Sun SPOT sensor nodes and larger nodes with J2SE. Our demonstrattion will encourage users to perform end-to-end WSN application development on the SPOTs using Srijan

Probabilistic Registration for Large-Scale Mobile Participatory Sensing

International audienceOne of the main benefits of mobile participatory sensing becoming a reality is the increased knowledge it will provide about the real world, as it is expected to rely on a large number of smart and mobile devices. Nowadays, those devices have the ability to host different types of sensors that will be incorporated in every aspect of our daily lives. However, given the constantly increasing number of capable mobile devices, any participatory sensing approach should be, first and foremost, scalable. To address this challenge, we present an approach to decrease the participation of devices (in sensing tasks) in a manner that does not compromise the accuracy of the real-world information while increasing the efficiency of the overall system. To reduce the number of the devices involved, we present a probabilistic registration approach enabling only a subset of devices to register their services while still providing adequate coverage of the deployment area. Our techniques, based on a re- alistic human mobility model, allow devices to decide whether or not to register their sensing services depending on the probability of other, equivalent devices being present at the locations of their expected path. We present the design and implementation of a registration middleware based on our techniques, using which mobile devices can base their registration decision. Through experiments performed on real and simulated datasets, we show that our approach scales, while not sacrificing significant amounts of sensing coverage

Application Development for the Internet of Things: Observations and Challenges

International audienceThe Internet of Things (IoT) domain can be considered to be an amalgamation of the hitherto well- researched Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) and Pervasive Computing domains. However, application development on this platform still remains challenging. In this paper, we first discuss a specific real world instance of an oft- cited IoT application: the Smart Home application, and gain insight into IoT application development by actually implementing it. Based on the above, we then present the design, development and deployment techniques for a real world IoT system from ground up and describe of various interaction patterns that naturally occur in such applications. We further discuss the challenges faced while reusing and combining approaches from the existing domains of WSANs and Pervasive Computing, into the domain of IoT. Finally, we conclude by using these insights to present a roadmap for designing an application development framework for IoT

Service-Oriented Middleware for the Mobile Internet of Things: A Scalable Solution

International audienceThe Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by a wide penetration in the regular user's life through an increasing number of mobile Things, such as mobile phones hosting sensors and actuators. However, the shift to the mobile IoT does not come without challenges, as many already existing issues remain unresolved and are amplified by the IoT scale and the mobility of its Things. The most challenging issues are handling the abundance of users and Things, providing interoperability across the heterogeneous Things, and overcoming the unknown dynamic environment due to the mobility of Things. This paper addresses the above challenges as we revisit the commonly used Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). This leads to the design, implementation and evaluation of MobIoT, a new service-oriented middleware. MobIoT modifies standard SOA functionalities, namely service discovery, composition and access, to better address the challenges posed by the IoT, especially its scale. Specifically, MobIoT adopts probabilistic methods to decrease the number of involved devices, while building on semantic knowledge to support interoperability and fulfill users' queries for Thing-based measurements/actions

Service-Oriented Middleware for Large-Scale Mobile Participatory Sensing

International audienceIn this paper, we introduce MobIoT, a service-oriented middleware that enables large-scale mobile participatory sensing. Scalability is achieved by limiting the participation of redundant sensing devices. Precisely, MobIoT allows a new device to register its services only if it increases the sensing coverage of a physical attribute, along its expected path, for the set of registered devices. We present the design and implementation of MobIoT, which mobile devices use to determine their registration decision and become accessible for their services. Through experiments performed on real datasets, we show that our solution scales, while meeting sensing coverage requirements

Towards application development for the internet of things

ISBN: 978-1-4503-1072-7International audienceThe Internet of Things (IoT) integrates the physical world with the existing Internet, and is rapidly gaining popularity, thanks to the increased adoption of smart phones and sensing devices. One of the important challenges in this domain is to enable domain experts to easily specify applications for the IoT. As a first step towards developing a suitable programming abstraction, in this paper we present a domain model for applications in the Internet of Things, based on a survey of recently proposed IoT applications from the real world that represent a wide class of behaviors found in IoT use cases

Expressing Sensor Network Interaction Patterns using Data-driven Macroprogramming

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly be- ing employed as a key building block of pervasive com- puting infrastructures, owing to their ability to be embed- ded within the real world. So far, pervasive applications for WSNs have been developed in an ad-hoc manner using node-centric programming models, focusing on the behav- ior of single nodes. Instead, macro-programming models provide much higher levels of abstractions, allowing developers to reason on the sensor network as a whole. In this paper, we demonstrate how a wide range of interaction patterns commonly found in pervasive, embedded applications can be expressed using ATaG, a data-driven macro-programming language. To support this, we show- case real-world applications developed in ATaG, and con- sider both homogeneous, sense-only scenarios, and hetero- geneous settings involving actuation on the environment un- der control